INTRODUCTION -- Using X Windows Introduction slide -- `X' symbol history mit, graphic terminals athena project, W (windows) X consortium, Non-proprietrary, defacto standard Network transparent Summary of Xwindows Xwindows - a display server and protocal + draw to screen + windows and layering (boxes) + input (keyboard, mouse) + information that clients may require (resources,atoms) clients - everthing else + window manager ( TWM, OLWM, Motif ) + window clients Editors, mail/news readers, file managment, monitoring (clock) terminal emulators, graphic editors, graphing programs..... Coming Spreadsheet and wordprocessors.. + non-window clients (xrefresh, xkill, xclosedown, info programs) X windows is completely modifiable, everything I say in this tutorial can be changed in some way. and can be termed a ``A Twiddler's or Hacker's Paradise'' using hacker in its original meaning. What I am describing is a general setup we have that is similar to most places in the world. X windows screen slide -- the login prompt slide -- typical login session slide -- display parts Parts of display + windows + title bars (window title handle to control window) (window manager) + icons (def : a picture) (window manager) sub-slide -- icon pictures + cursor Window Mangers (special client) Only one window manager can run at any time on a screen. Its jobs + moving, resizing of windows + layering of windows + telling clients to iconify + positioning new windows and icons + focus control + display refreshing (redrawing messed up screen) To do this it provides + menus of actions + titlebars (& borders) + buttons + handles current slide TWM window manager - official X window WM A particular manager is also the coordinator of a particular STYLE Two major styles are present in the market place Open Look (Sun Micro Systems) Motif Clients of these styles are a matched set and generally better thought out and interact better slide - OLWM A coordinated system - Callendar and file manager, mail tool print tool, etc. Files can be transfered between them + title bar with iconify button + menus - that can be pined to the screen (to unpin use lightning) + corner handles to resize OLWM is not very configurable - few things can be added slide - no window manager + no titlebars + no menus + no icons + no window moving + no resizing of windows + no layering If you can get to a terminal window you can get stuck and unable to do anything. Using the Window Manager (TWM) slide -- TWM (default) menu Menus totally configurable. (beyond this tutorial) Parts of the menu + login to main and other machines sub-slide -- prompt for other machine slide -- TWM title bars titlebar + the window title/name + a handle for moving + rasie-lower if not moving buttons sub-slide -- window sub-slide -- after iconify NOTE:- provided for use with open window tools sub-slide -- window sub-slide -- after zoom sub-slide -- window sub-slide -- resize (sorry for lack of during slide) Killing Windows / Clients / Applications slide -- lighting bolt menu Frendly ways Using the clients own QUIT method Lightning Bolt button/menu ( delete window - window manger request to client ) kill <pid> Unfriendly Ways (client man not clean itself up properly) Nuke button/menu ( destroy window - window manger just clobbers window ) xkill ( program gets you to select window to kill with mouse ) kill -9 <pid> slide -- window ops menu from titlebar We have added a menu to the title bar (right mouse button) as above includeing + Refresh (added to the `F1' key for convenance) + focus control + printing with/without the window manager frame NOTE caution -- large print files produced + lightning -- delete -- friendly kill + nuke -- destroy -- forced kill - DANGER Xman slide set -- a man page Scroll Bars slide -- scroll bar action scroll bars is a representation of all the text stored. the shaded area is the region that is currently visible. The mouse can be used to move the shaded region (and thus the visible part of the text around left -- move down right -- move up middle -- scroll directly Xterms slide -- an xterm provision of a basic terminal window (VT100) just like a terminal you have probably use before. + more than 24 lines long -- can display more text -- no moving around + more than one at at time - multiple logins to either the same or a number of different machines - work on a number of different things eg: write a program, while reading text files, or compiling - if some job is going to take awile -- one a new login window - iconize them to save program clutter -- We have arranged icon pictures for almost all the machines in the school. + scrollbar so you can look back at what you have done in the past Selecting and Pasting (Part 1) text selection example -- editing a command slide -- initial window slide -- left button -- make selection slide -- middle button -- insert selection right button -- adjust selection NOTE :- just about all text on the screen (not lables) can be moved and edited in this way XpostItNotes PostItNotes -- canary yellow stickon notes + reminders + information at hand -- on screen + text scrapebook / scratch pad information saved is kept from one session to the next to reappear automatically ON SCREEN slide-set -- examples of postitnote usage slide-set -- opening a post it note full window, postitnote menu, the postitnote icon (special) postitnote on screen, repositioned What makes post it notes on screen so usefull slide -- make a selection from xterm slide -- insert in postitnote. Selecting and Pasting (part 2) number of clicks with left button 2 (double) - a word 3 (triple) - a full line (non-xterms) 4 - a paragraph 5 - everything Editing a postit note ^W -- cut selection ^A -- start of line ^E -- end of line ^D -- reversed delete ^K -- kill text to end on line NOTE :- Post It Notes do have size limits -- It is a note pad not file X Mail Reader / Monitor slide -- xmail icons - monitor slide -- open xmail xmail -- a mail reader parts of the window upper section - mail in the current folder (system mail box) left button -- select a letter right button -- select and read lower section - a letter being read You can select for pasting elsewhere parts of a letter middle section -- buttons All are basically obvious, all the buttons have a menu (right button) Mail Repling slide -- repling to mail slide -- xedit mail The mail being replied to is present (tabed) This can be changed by adding the line to your .mailrc file (man mail for more info) set indentprefix='| ' slide -- edit mail save and quit slide -- Delivery popup Mail Saving slide -- using the file and the save button create a folder slide -- press the folder button to look at folder slide -- the menu of the folder button lists the folders and places the selected folder in the file area slide -- folder ``+Xstuff'' just pressing the folder button will then go to that folder press newmail to return to the system mail box slide -- confirmation delete button will then remove the mail and pressing the newmail button will ask you to confirm the saving of the changes to the system mail box. (Sub-section of the above) XEdit program Like a post it note with the same controls but for general files + buttons + file name being edited + status display If you do not like Xedit for your mail editing we can change it so a vi editing window is opened instead. Exiting X (xlogout) NOTE: X waits for some client to exit then it itself exits IMPORTANT Variations (Site specific) -- wait for exit on xlogout program window manager exit an xterm (failsafe) xclosedown (typed)